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A Landmark-Based Transformation Approach to Concurrency Control in Group Editors

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Operational transformation (OT) is a responsive and nonblocking concurrency control method widely-accepted in group editors. Correctness and performance are the basis of usefulness and usability of OT-based group editors. However, the correctness of previous OT algorithms depends on conditions that are very difficult to verify. In this paper we propose a novel landmark-based transformation (LBT) approach, its correctness no longer depending on those conditions and thus easy to prove. In addition, we give an example algorithm that significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art OT algorithm. This work reveals a more practical approach to developing OT algorithms.

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Li, Rui; Li, Du (2005): A Landmark-Based Transformation Approach to Concurrency Control in Group Editors. Proceedings of the 2005 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work. DOI: 10.1145/1099203.1099252. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 284–293. Sanibel Island, Florida, USA

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groupware, data consistency, group editor, concurrency control, operational transformation

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Number of citations to item: 19

  • Gérald Oster, Pascal Urso, Pascal Molli, Abdessamad Imine (2006): Data consistency for P2P collaborative editing, In: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work, doi:10.1145/1180875.1180916
  • Jon A. Preston, Sushil K. Prasad (2000): P2P Document Tree Management in a Real-Time Collaborative Editing System, In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77220-0_39
  • Yi Xu, Chengzheng Sun, Mo Li (2014): Achieving convergence in operational transformation, In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing, doi:10.1145/2531602.2531629
  • Abdessamad Imine (2009): Coordination Model for Real-Time Collaborative Editors, In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02053-7_12
  • Jon A Preston, Sushil K Prasad (2015): A hierarchical peer-to-peer reduction and merging framework for efficient operational transformations in collaborative editing, In: 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), doi:10.1109/cts.2015.7210432
  • G/l=e'/rald Oster, Pascal Molli, Pascal Urso, Abdessamad Imine (2006): Tombstone Transformation Functions for Ensuring Consistency in Collaborative Editing Systems, In: 2006 International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, doi:10.1109/colcom.2006.361867
  • Chengzheng Sun, David Sun, Agustina Ng, Weiwei Cai, Bryden Cho (2020): Real Differences between OT and CRDT under a General Transformation Framework for Consistency Maintenance in Co-Editors, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction GROUP(4), doi:10.1145/3375186
  • Abdessamad Imine (2008): Flexible Concurrency Control for Real-Time Collaborative Editors, In: 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, doi:10.1109/icdcs.workshops.2008.91
  • M.A. Orgun, L. Xue (2006): From Predefined Consistency to User-Centered Emergent Consistency in Real-Time Collaborative Editing Systems, In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 6(36), doi:10.1109/tsmca.2006.883181
  • Victor B. F. Gomes, Martin Kleppmann, Dominic P. Mulligan, Alastair R. Beresford (2017): Verifying strong eventual consistency in distributed systems, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages OOPSLA(1), doi:10.1145/3133933
  • David Sun, Chengzheng Sun, Agustina Ng, Weiwei Cai (2020): Real Differences between OT and CRDT in Correctness and Complexity for Consistency Maintenance in Co-Editors, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW1(4), doi:10.1145/3392825
  • Hongzhi Song, Zhaoming Ou, Yi Fu, Xiangxin Lin, Lei Yang (2011): Operational transformation algorithm with conflict detection and awareness methods for real-time collaborative editing in P2P environments, In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering, doi:10.1109/csae.2011.5952536
  • Xiantao Cai, Fazhi He, Shaofen Wang, Huajun Liu (2007): A Hierarchical Consistency Model for Graphics Media in Flexible Collaboration-Transparent Systems, In: 2007 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, doi:10.1109/cscwd.2007.4281432
  • Krishna P.N. Puttaswamy, Catherine C. Marshall, Venugopalan Ramasubramanian, Patrick Stuedi, Douglas B. Terry, Ted Wobber (2010): Docx2Go, In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, doi:10.1145/1814433.1814467
  • Jon A. Preston, Sushil K. Prasad (2006): An Efficient Synchronous Collaborative Editing System Employing Dynamic Locking of Varying Granularity in Generalized Document Trees, In: 2006 International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, doi:10.1109/colcom.2006.361858
  • Fazhi He, Huajun Liu, Xiantao Cai, Shuxu Jing (2000): A Replicated CSCW Framework for Multi-user Interaction in 3D Collaborative Design, In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73111-5_117
  • Michelle Cart, Jean Ferrie (2007): Asynchronous reconciliation based on operational transformation for P2P collaborative environments, In: 2007 International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom 2007), doi:10.1109/colcom.2007.4553821
  • Du Li, Rui Li (2006): An Approach to Ensuring Consistency in Peer-to-Peer Real-Time Group Editors, In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 5-6(17), doi:10.1007/s10606-005-9009-5
  • Rui Li, Du Li (2000): Commutativity-Based Concurrency Control in Groupware, In: 2005 International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, doi:10.1109/colcom.2005.1651251
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