Information Fortification: An Online Citation Behavior
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In this multi-method study, we examine citation activity on English-language Wikipedia to understand how information claims are supported in a non-scientific open collaboration context. We draw on three data sources-edit logs, interview data, and document analysis-to present an integrated interpretation of citation activity and found pervasive themes related to controversy and conflict. Based on this analysis, we present and discuss information fortification as a concept that explains online citation activity that arises from both naturally occurring and manufactured forms of controversy. This analysis challenges a workshop position paper from Group 2005 by Forte and Bruckman, which draws on Latour's sociology of science and citation to explain citation in Wikipedia with a focus on credibility seeking. We discuss how information fortification differs from theories of citation that have arisen from bibliometrics scholarship and are based on scientific citation practices.
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Number of citations to item: 8
- Jutta Haider, Olof Sundin (2020): Wikipedia and Wikis, In: The Handbook of Peer Production, doi:10.1002/9781119537151.ch13
- Aitolkyn Baigutanova, Jaehyeon Myung, Diego Saez-Trumper, Ai-Jou Chou, Miriam Redi, Changwook Jung, Meeyoung Cha (2023): Longitudinal Assessment of Reference Quality on Wikipedia, In: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023, doi:10.1145/3543507.3583218
- Puyu Yang, Giovanni Colavizza (2024): Polarization and reliability of news sources in Wikipedia, In: Online Information Review 5(48), doi:10.1108/oir-02-2023-0084
- Giovanni Colavizza (2020): COVID-19 research in Wikipedia, In: Quantitative Science Studies 4(1), doi:10.1162/qss_a_00080
- Dana McKay, Stephann Makri, George Buchanan (2024): [citation needed]: An Examination of Types and Purpose of Evidence Provided in Three Online Discussions on Reddit, In: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, doi:10.1145/3627508.3638321
- Giovanni Colavizza (2020): COVID-19 research in Wikipedia, doi:10.1101/2020.05.10.087643
- Miriam Redi, Besnik Fetahu, Jonathan Morgan, Dario Taraborelli (2019): Citation Needed: A Taxonomy and Algorithmic Assessment of Wikipedia's Verifiability, In: The World Wide Web Conference, doi:10.1145/3308558.3313618
- Harshdeep Singh, Robert West, Giovanni Colavizza (2021): Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia, In: Quantitative Science Studies 1(2), doi:10.1162/qss_a_00105