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Streaming your Identity: Navigating the Presentation of Gender and Sexuality through Live Streaming

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The digital presentation of gender and sexuality has been a long-standing concern in HCI and CSCW. There is also a growing interest in exploring more nuanced presentations of identity afforded in emerging online social spaces that have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we endeavor to contribute towards this research agenda in yet another new media context -- live streaming -- by analyzing female and LGBTQ streamers’ practices to present and manage their gender identity and sexual identity. Our findings highlight streamers’ gender representation and sexual representation as a demonstration of controlling their own bodies, an awareness of the audiences and the resistance to their expectations, and an exhibition of the affordances and power structure of the specific online social space. We extend existing studies on live streaming by exploring the understudied gender identity and sexual identity aspect of the streaming practices. We also highlight the less audience/performance-oriented but more self-driven aspect of digital representations and the importance of affirmation and empowerment in this process. We add nuance to the existing HCI/CSCW studies on gender and sexuality by investigating a highly dynamic, interactive, and multilayered self-presentation mechanism emerging in live streaming and point to the need for potential new lenses to analyze technology-supported identity construction.

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Freeman, Guo; Wohn, Donghee Yvette (2020): Streaming your Identity: Navigating the Presentation of Gender and Sexuality through Live Streaming. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 29, No. 6. DOI: 10.1007/s10606-020-09386-w. Springer. PISSN: 1573-7551. pp. 795-825

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Gender, Livestreaming, Self-presentation, Sexuality

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Number of citations to item: 22

  • Dane Marco Di Cesare, Shelley L. Craig, Ashley S. Brooks, Kaitrin Doll (2023): Setting the Game Agenda: Reviewing the Emerging Literature on Video Gaming and Psychological Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth, In: Games and Culture 7(19), doi:10.1177/15554120231178883
  • Ava Bartolome, Shuo Niu (2023): A Literature Review of Video-Sharing Platform Research in HCI, In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3544548.3581107
  • Caitlin McLaughlin, Donghee Yvette Wohn (2021): Predictors of parasocial interaction and relationships in live streaming, In: Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 6(27), doi:10.1177/13548565211027807
  • Lingyuan Li, Guo Freeman, Nathan J. McNeese (2022): Channeling End-User Creativity: Leveraging Live Streaming for Distributed Collaboration in Indie Game Development, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW2(6), doi:10.1145/3555173
  • Jie Cai, Donghee Yvette Wohn (2023): Understanding Moderators’ Conflict and Conflict Management Strategies with Streamers in Live Streaming Communities, In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3544548.3580982
  • Lingyuan Li, Guo Freeman, Kelsea Schulenberg, Dane Acena (2023): "We Cried on Each Other’s Shoulders": How LGBTQ+ Individuals Experience Social Support in Social Virtual Reality, In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3544548.3581530
  • Qian Wan, Zhicong Lu (2024): Investigating VTubing as a Reconstruction of Streamer Self-Presentation: Identity, Performance, and Gender, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW1(8), doi:10.1145/3637357
  • Yolanda Fatima Yarango Alcocer, Melina Haydee Mezarina Castilla (2023): Perception of Peruvian Gamers About Gender Approach in the Campaign “In My Skin” of Guaraná, In: Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-254-5_21
  • Nicola Döring (2024): Sexualbezogene Online-Fortbildung für Fachkräfte: Livestreaming mit Twitch, OnlyFans und anderen Social-Media-Plattformen, In: Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 04(37), doi:10.1055/a-2422-1227
  • Yujun Xu, Sommer Kapitan, Megan Phillips (2023): The commercial impact of live streaming: A systematic literature review and future research agenda, In: International Journal of Consumer Studies 6(47), doi:10.1111/ijcs.12960
  • Heidi Biggs, Alexa Marcotte, Shaowen Bardzell (2023): TikTok as a Stage: Performing Rural #farmqueer Utopias on TikTok, In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, doi:10.1145/3563657.3596038
  • David Van Nguyen, Edward F. Melcer, Deanne Adams (2024): Exploring Gender and Racial/Ethnic Bias Against Video Game Streamers: Comparing Perceived Gameplay Skill and Viewer Engagement, In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, doi:10.1145/3649921.3650009
  • Yanlai Wu, Yao Li, Xinning Gui (2022): "I Am Concerned, But...": Streamers' Privacy Concerns and Strategies In Live Streaming Information Disclosure, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW2(6), doi:10.1145/3555104
  • Bárbara Machado, Sónia Maria Martins Caridade (2024): Unravelling Adolescent Perceptions, In: Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics, doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5436-0.ch002
  • Shagun Jhaver, Quan Ze Chen, Detlef Knauss, Amy X. Zhang (2022): Designing Word Filter Tools for Creator-led Comment Moderation, In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3491102.3517505
  • Susanne Poeller, Alexandra Steen, Nicola Baumann, Regan L. Mandryk (2023): Not Tekken Seriously? How Observers Respond to Masculine and Feminine Voices in Videogame Streamers, In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, doi:10.1145/3582437.3582444
  • Kelsea Schulenberg, Guo Freeman, Lingyuan Li, Catherine Barwulor (2023): "Creepy Towards My Avatar Body, Creepy Towards My Body": How Women Experience and Manage Harassment Risks in Social Virtual Reality, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW2(7), doi:10.1145/3610027
  • Kelsea Schulenberg, Guo Freeman, Lingyuan Li, Bart Piet Knijnenburg (2024): Does Who You Are or Appear to Be Matter?: Understanding Identity-Based Harassment in Social VR Through the Lens of (Mis)Perceived Identity Revelation, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW2(8), doi:10.1145/3686923
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  • Guo Freeman, Yang Hu, Ruchi Panchanadikar, Amelia L Hall, Kelsea Schulenberg, Lingyuan Li (2024): "My Audience Gets to Know Me on a More Realistic Level": Exploring Social VR Streamers’ Unique Strategies to Engage with Their Audiences, In: Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3613905.3651036
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  • Renkai Ma, Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou (2023): Multi-Platform Content Creation: The Configuration of Creator Ecology through Platform Prioritization, Content Synchronization, and Audience Management, In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/3544548.3581106
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