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Multi-level Editing of Hierarchical Documents

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Springer

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Collaborative editing enables a group of people to edit documents collaboratively over a computer network. Customisation of the collaborative environment to different subcommunities of users at different points in time is an important issue. The model of the document is an important factor in achieving customisation. We have chosen a tree representation encompassing a large class of documents, such as text, XML and graphical documents and here we propose a multi-level editing approach for maintaining consistency over hierarchical-based documents. The multi-level editing approach involves logging edit operations that refer to each node. Keeping operations associated with the tree nodes to which they refer offers support for tracking user activity performed on various units of the document. This facilitates the computation of awareness information and the handling of conflicting changes referring to units of the document. Moreover, increased efficiency is obtained compared to existing approaches that use a linear structure for representing documents. The multi-level editing approach involves the recursive application of any linear merging algorithm over the document structure and we show how the approach was applied for real-time and asynchronous modes of collaboration.

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Ignat*, Claudia-Lavinia; Norrie, Moira C. (2008): Multi-level Editing of Hierarchical Documents. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 17. DOI: 10.1007/s10606-007-9071-2. Springer. PISSN: 1573-7551. pp. 423-468

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asynchronous collaborative editing, computer-supported cooperative work, consistency maintenance, merging of hierarchical documents, multi-level editing, operational transformation, real-time collaborative editing

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Number of citations to item: 9

  • Bahareh Sarrafzadeh, Sujay Kumar Jauhar, Michael Gamon, Edward Lank, Ryen W. White (2021): Characterizing Stage-aware Writing Assistance for Collaborative Document Authoring, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW3(4), doi:10.1145/3434180
  • Petru Nicolaescu, Kevin Jahns, Michael Derntl, Ralf Klamma (2015): Yjs: A Framework for Near Real-Time P2P Shared Editing on Arbitrary Data Types, In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19890-3_55
  • Jeremy Birnholtz, Steven Ibara (2012): Tracking changes in collaborative writing, In: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, doi:10.1145/2145204.2145325
  • Geoffrey Litt, Sarah Lim, Martin Kleppmann, Peter van Hardenberg (2022): Peritext: A CRDT for Collaborative Rich Text Editing, In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction CSCW2(6), doi:10.1145/3555644
  • Dongmei Yue, Ruisheng Zhang, Chen Zhao, Ruipeng Wei, Lian Li (2009): Domain-Specific Groupware Environment for E-research on Chemistry, In: 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, doi:10.1109/ccgrid.2009.45
  • Gergely Sipos (2012): Protecting the consistency of workflow applications in collaborative development environments, In: Future Generation Computer Systems 3(28), doi:10.1016/j.future.2011.09.003
  • Claudia-Lavinia Ignat, Gérald Oster, Olivia Fox, Valerie L. Shalin, François Charoy (2015): How Do User Groups Cope with Delay in Real-Time Collaborative Note Taking, In: ECSCW 2015: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 19-23 September 2015, Oslo, Norway, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20499-4_12
  • Petru Nicolaescu, Kevin Jahns, Michael Derntl, Ralf Klamma (2016): Near Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Shared Editing on Extensible Data Types, In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Supporting Group Work, doi:10.1145/2957276.2957310
  • Jeremy Birnholtz, Stephanie Steinhardt, Antonella Pavese (2013): Write here, write now!, In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, doi:10.1145/2470654.2466123
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