ECSCW 2022 Exploratory Papers and Notes

https://dl.eusset.eu/handle/20.500.12015/4355

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Conference Paper
Blending Practices to Facilitate Grounded Design Research: A Praxeological Research Perspective
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Syed, Hussain Abid; Schorch, Marén; Pinatti de Carvalho, Aparecido Fabiano; Rutz, Philipp; Pipek, Volkmar
In this paper, we reflect on the experiences from two Grounded Design (GD) research projects conducted by a multidisciplinary group of researchers between 2019 – 2021 and highlight the methodological foundations and related obstacles for iterative designing. Both projects investigate the phenomena of knowledge sharing and crisis-related learning in business organizations under the GD paradigm, which has been increasingly adopted within the Computer- supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) community. During these projects, the researchers with backgrounds in computer science, business informatics, software engineering, and sociology experienced the need for systematization to transition between the stages of GD. Looking back, we realize that our teams arrived at this systematization by blending the prior knowledge from team members’ original educational backgrounds. While blending practices most likely happens intuitively in interdisciplinary projects, as is often the case of the user-centered design initiatives seen in CSCW and Human-Computer Interaction, little can be found on how this usually happens and its implications. In this paper, we respond to this literature gap by discussing how this blending can facilitate the realization of GD projects and lead to a praxeological information science research perspective, which has ‘methods appropriation’ as key to systematizing abstraction, broader traceability, and flexibility of research methods.
Conference Paper
Causal Impact Model to Evaluate the Diffusion Effect of Social Media Campaigns
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Yu, Xinchen; Mashhadi, Afra; Boy, Jeremy; Nielsen, Rene Clausen; Hong, Lingzi
Organized information campaigns on social media platforms have influence on collective opinions through processes such as social influence and majority opinion formation. Evaluating the effect of such campaigns has become a critical question. We proposed a method by first characterize user engagement and the semantics in public discussions with social media data, then apply a causal impact analysis to measure the effect. We conducted a case study to examine the effect of the 16 Days Campaign (a campaign organized by UN Women) through changes in public discussions of the MeToo, which is a related topic the campaign was aimed to impact. Results showed there were significantly more discussions in MeToo after the launch of the campaign. Hashtags on 16Days topics were used more and by more people. The proposed methods evaluate the direct and indirect diffusion effect of a campaign by quantifying the difference had the campaign not taken place based on social media data. The method enables to evaluate the overall outcome of collaborative work in a social media campaign.
Conference Paper
Comparing different qualitative methods to understand user experience in Saudi Arabia
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) AlArfaj, Aisha Ahmed; Solaima, Ellis
The HCI field has seen a growing body of qualitative research, making use of a wide range of activities and methods. Interviews and workshops are some of the main techniques used to help understand user needs and to conduct co-design activities with them. However, these methods might be conducted in various ways and have different advantage and disadvantages. An important aspect influencing the types of activities and methods used is the culture of research participants. This paper aims to compare the research methods conducted in the context of the Saudi Arabian culture. It provides a reflection on the methods used to understand user needs when designing social commerce platforms, including interviews, co-design workshops and critique design workshops. We found that each method has its positives and negatives in terms of user preferences, and can help to obtain useful information at different levels of detail. For example, conducting semi-structured interviews by text was preferred by participants who are at home with their families. However, they can be slower than other methods.
Conference Paper
Connectedness in mobile families
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Glöss, Mareike
Family life is no longer confined to geographically shared spaces. More often, families are separated. T echnology offers countless means of keeping families connected, which has been subject of extensive research. Yet, connection between families goes beyond interpersonal communication. Being separated from extended family means to be separated from familiar rituals, habits, and values. In this paper we present an ethnographic study of mobile families to understand how families are dealing with this kind of separation in their everyday life. We analyze situated practices and discuss how these families create a sense of connectedness to their country of origin. Our observations show that design for connectedness should address practices and materialities that are part of the family home. Furthermore, we argue that there should be more consideration for what the family connects to: Instead of connecting between people, connectedness can also be seen as staying in touch with familiar routines, customs, and environments.
Conference Paper
Coupling documentation and communication practices to support integrated care pathways
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Marref, Rahma; Amsha, Khuloud Abou; Lewkowicz, Myriam
Creating an overview of a patient’s situation is essential for medical work, particularly for care actors participating in integrated care pathways. While we notice the failure of national initiatives to create systems to support care actors’ practices, our research focuses on investigating the actual practices held by care actors to build these overviews. Our study shows that care actors document their patients’ cases and communicate about them. We, therefore, imply that systems supporting integrated care pathways should couple documents and discussions and permit their visualization according to three dimensions: the problems that occur, the source of information (the care actor), and the time.
Conference Paper
Deconstructing Gender in Asylum Categories: An Archival Perspective on a Practice with Limited Access
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Kaltenhäuser, Kristin; Slaats, Tijs; Gammeltoft-Hansen, Thomas; Holten Møller, Naja
Public authorities make decisions that greatly impact both citizens and non-citizens. Decision-making on asylum, which is regulated by international law but administered by states, in particular is characterised by a higher level of secrecy than other public services. The 1951 Refugee Convention defnes refugeehood as the fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, social group, or political opinion. Although fear of gender-related persecution was not included as one of the grounds meriting asylum, state practice means that it is today generally recognised as such. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) recommends that states "ensure a gender-sensitive interpretation of the 1951 Refugee Convention." Using natural language processing (NLP) to analyse an open dataset of Danish asylum case summaries, we frst identify fve empirical categories connected to gender in the case summaries: 1) gender-related persecution, 2) LGBT 3) sexual conditions, 4) marital conditions and 5) other gender-related forms of persecution. Secondly, we illustrate the relationship between these gender-related categories and other categories/topics in asylum motives. Finally, we discuss how data science techniques can be applied to better understand complex, cooperative work practices in an area where access for researchers is limited, but archival data is available.
Conference Paper
The Design Multiple: Sharedness and Multiplicity in Common Information Space
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Mohallick, Itishree; Monteiro, Eric; Østerlie, Thomas
Common Information Space (CIS) seeks to support communication, interaction, and sharing information to collectively perform work tasks and organize dependencies among the involved actors. The concerted efforts that go into collaborative work require some degree of shared understanding among the actors. However, exactly how much shared understanding is needed remains contested. Our findings from a case study of the complex-product design show that sharedness ranges from significant and moderate to minimal, which is already well established in the CSCW literature. This paper discusses these conventions concerning the CIS to improve collaboration. The case study focuses on the CIS conventions observed in the early-stage design of subsea equipment in an Oil and Gas project. Besides, it confers the significance of such CIS in supporting collaborative work practices. Our research represents an under-researched version of CIS against the dominance of moderate (and significant) degrees of overlap. Relative to the CSCW discourse on CIS, however, the most interesting aspect of our analysis is the presence of the third (“minimal”) overlap. The reported empirical insights can help the researchers to discuss the design-related work practices- sharedness and multiplicity- in a context not well explored in literature.
Conference Paper
Enterprise Collaboration Platform Configurations: an Empirical Study
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Schubert, Petra; Williams, Susan P.
Collaboration and communication technologies are essential for the support of cooperative work in organisations. Unlike the situation with ERP Systems, there is no single integrated Enterprise Collaboration System that provides systematic and compre- hensive support for all the different forms of collaborative activities. As a consequence, organisations must combine multiple tools, applications and systems to build their Enter- prise Collaboration Platform. In this paper, we present the findings of a focused empirical study that examines the complex collaborative technology landscape in user organisa- tions in order to characterise and understand the evolving portfolios of collaboration soft- ware that have been implemented. Based on a literature review combined with an analy- sis of existing commercial software products, we developed a classification scheme for Areas of Collaborative Work (ArCoW), which is then used to structure an online ques- tionnaire. The analysis of data from 23 responding user companies revealed three typical “configurations” of Enterprise Collaboration Platforms: concentration, where the platform is highly focused on a core ECS/suite with only a few additional collaboration software tools, diversity that also builds around a core ECS/suite but extends this with a wide range of additional tools and dual core characterised by two ECS/Suites with few addi- tions.
Conference Paper
I think "Hedging" could be a Feminist Issue in Software Engineering
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Ashcroft, Alice
When it comes to software engineering and the development life-cycle, there are a number of opportunities for under-represented groups, gender being the focus of this paper, for decisions to be affected by language. Considering existing linguistics research surrounding gendered language, specifically "Hedging", alongside various stages of the development life-cycle, this paper poses that "Hedging" should be seen as a feminist issue in software engineering, and presents five areas for further research to uncover the potential negative effects it is having, and what can be done to mitigate these. This paper focuses on the subtleties in conversation, and how conversation takes place, building on Feminist Conversation Analysis, Feminist Methodologies, and Software Engineering Methodologies.
Conference Paper
Pictorial Consent: Fieldwork Reflections
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Saha, Manika; Bartindale, Tom; Sultana, Sharifa; Oliver, Gillian; Thilsted, Shakuntala Haraksingh; Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque; Varghese, Delvin; Olivier, Patrick
Obtaining participants’ informed consent is a fundamental ethical requirement of human-centered research. Researchers working with disadvantaged populations in the Global South face the challenge of communicating to participants the many aspects of a study that require consent, for example, the goals of the research and the data privacy risks and assurances. We reflect on our experience of conducting fieldwork in rural Bangladesh and the inadequacy of standard practices of obtaining written or verbal consent. Consent practices that are deemed effective and sufficient in the Global North have left many of our Bangladeshi participants confused (at best) and indifferent (at worst), thereby jeopardizing the ethical integrity of our research. In response, we developed a pictorial consent communication process. Our reflections on its use have led us to highlight the detachment of traditional consent processes from the realities of the field, and call for their root-and-branch re-evaluation. This is a preliminary contribution, intended to provoke discussion and action on a more inclusive informed consent process design.
Conference Paper
The potential of a digital twin to design computational coordination mechanisms. The case of the French railway infrastructure
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Stalder, Corentin; Lewkowicz, Myriam; Ducellier, Guillaume
The digital twin is a key technology of Industry 4.0. It offers a digital replica of a physical system. As part of research work with SNCF Réseau, we have sought to explore the role the digital twin can play to support coordination mechanisms. We conducted a multi- sited ethnography, which allowed us to define a technology probe to explore our research question in-situ. This exploratory work shows that the digital twin enables the rapid design of computational coordination mechanisms. Furthermore, we raise the point that a digital twin can bind descriptive information about the physical system and information used in coordination practices to move towards effortless coordination.
Conference Paper
Redesigning systems for Single-Pilot Operations: the mutual awareness problem for remote crews
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Bardou, Maxime; Letondal, Catherine; Imbert, Jean-Paul; Causse, Mickaël; Bidegaimberry, Maxence; Dubus, Romane; Marcon, Cécile
Currently, flight safety is ensured by the collaboration of at least two pilots in the cockpit. Thanks to progress in automation and telecommunication, aircraft manufacturers and aviation companies envision that a single pilot in the cockpit assisted by a pilot on the ground (i.e Single-Pilot Operation) could ensure flight operations while requiring less human resources. However, without appropriate collaboration tools, this situation of remote collaboration may lead to a degradation of the awareness of actions and attitudes between the two pilots (i.e. mutual awareness). In this paper, we propose to enrich the understanding of the remote collaboration problems of two pilots through a fine-grained analysis of mutual awareness needs. First, we describe awareness frameworks from the literature. Second, we identify awareness issues during a case study involving a crew of pilots in two distant flight simulators. Third, we refine the relevant awareness concepts through exploratory prototyping of collaborative tools. These prototypes are based on three scenarios involving specific awareness requirements including 1) visualizing the physiological state of the pilot on board during a non stabilized approach, 2) an emergency decision making, and 3) global awareness during a whole flight for a better efficiency of the ground assistant operator at the arrival. In this article our contribution is a refined study of the awareness needs adapted to the context of remote collaborative piloting, with the final objective of designing more appropriate tools.
Conference Paper
The Role of Boundary Objects in Platformization Practices: A Case Study of Software Testing
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Ringdal, Nora O.; Farshchian, Babak A.
While digital platforms are frequently investigated at technical, societal, and organizational levels, there are relatively few empirical studies of the collaborative practices that are involved when platforms are introduced into organizations. In this paper, we investigate such practices in the context of a large-scale platformization project within healthcare. Because off-the-shelf platforms already possess a stable core, platformization processes often focus on downstream system development activities such as configuration and testing. Our case study is about one such downstream activity, i.e., that of software testing. We frame software testing as a sociotechnical process involving tacit knowledge from a variety of user groups. We use the theoretical framework of boundary objects to demonstrate how test artifacts – mainly the test versions of the product – function as boundary objects, used to transfer knowledge among platform developers, those who configure the platform, and future users of the platform. Our findings show when and how boundary objects function or break down. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings both with respect to the boundary objects themselves, and the practices that surround boundary objects to support their collaborative properties.
Conference Paper
Shall I describe it or shall I move closer? Verbal references and locomotion in VR collaborative search tasks.
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Bovo, Riccardo; Giunchi, Daniele; Costanza, Enrico; Steed, Anthony; Heinis, Thomas
Research in pointing-based communication within immersive collaborative virtual environments (ICVE) remains a compelling area of study. Previous studies explored techniques to improve accuracy and reduce errors when hand-pointing from a distance. In this study, we explore how users adapt their behaviour to cope with the lack of accuracy during pointing. In an ICVE where users can move (i.e., locomotion) when faced with a lack of laser pointers, pointing inaccuracy can be avoided by getting closer to the object of interest. Alternatively, collaborators can enrich the utterances with details to compensate for the lack of pointing precision. Inspired by previous CSCW remote desktop collaboration, we measure visual coordination, the implicitness of deixis’ utterances and the amount of locomotion. We design an experiment that compares the effects of the presence/absence of laser pointers across hard/easy-to-describe referents. Results show that when users face pointing inaccuracy, they prefer to move closer to the referent rather than enrich the verbal reference.
Conference Paper
Toward an AI-assisted Assessment Tool to Support Online Art Therapy Practices: A Pilot Study
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Seo, Woosuk; Jun, Joonyoung; Chun, Minki; Jeong, Hyeonhak; Na, Sungmin; Cho, Woohyun; Kim, Saeri; Jung, Hyunggu
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used to assist art therapists with artwork assessments by providing objective information. While prior studies showed that AI- assisted tools are feasible to improve drawing analysis in in-person art therapy practices, the use of those tools in online art therapy is still under-examined. To fill the gap, we created a prototype of an AI-assisted tool for online therapy in a House-Tree-Person (HTP) test scenario and ran lab-based usability sessions with 10 art therapists in which they used our proposed prototype to complete predefined tasks. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with the participants to understand their acceptance and concerns about the prototype. The findings revealed the unique needs of art therapists and opportunities of using AI-assisted tools to improve online art therapy practices. Based on these findings, we suggest implications for creating AI-assisted tools that meet specific needs of art therapists in online therapy sessions, and further discuss future directions of research about AI- assisted tools for art therapists in online settings.
Conference Paper
Toward Supporting the Mental Health of Underprivileged Youth Through Village-Driven Sociotechnical Systems
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Huh-Yoo, Jina; Montgomery, Meredith; Matta, Rishabh; Kim, Heejun; Daly, Brian
Children and adolescents from socially and economically disadvantaged backgrounds are significantly more likely to suffer from mental health problems. Underprivileged youth experience various stressors, including racism and exposure to violence, leading to more violence. Despite the wide adoption of mobile health platforms among the target population, the literature lacks evidence on using mobile health to support underprivileged youth. The community leaders of urban neighborhoods came together to share thoughts on how mobile solutions can best support the mental health needs of underprivileged children and adolescents. Through interviews with pastors, principals, and non-profit organization leaders, we show what is needed is a socio-technical solution that engages the community to create an ecosystem of village-driven support for youth mental health. We found a disparity between the outcomes the community is interested in improving (e.g., resilience, personal agency, mentorship) versus the clinical outcomes usually measured in mental health mobile health applications. The community desire to work on “village-driven” and engagement-based approaches rather than the intervention of clinical/treatments more common in existing mobile health solutions. We discuss implications for the requirements for village-driven socio-technical systems in supporting the mental health of underprivileged youth.
Conference Paper
Toward Trauma-Informed Design of Behavioral Interventions: A Case Study on Classroom Management
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Marcu, Gabriela
Trauma theory can complement behavior change theory in the design of digital interventions by providing different insights into the social and contextual factors that influence a person’s behavior. Two thirds of the population in the U.S. and Europe have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives, and trauma can have lasting effects on an individual’s functioning and behavior. A trauma-informed approach to design recognizes the prevalence of trauma and considers its potential effects on an individual, to shape interactions that more effectively meet their needs. To illustrate how trauma- informed design can enhance a human-centered design process, I present a case study of a long-term project that resulted in the deployment of multiple digital technologies for classroom management. Through a retrospective needs assessment drawing on trauma theory and trauma-informed practices, I identify new possibilities for intervention by reframing children’s behaviors, shifting the focus of intervention to their environment, and addressing structural inequity.
Conference Paper
Travelling Artefacts: Lessons Learned from Interventions in a Regional Innovation Ecosystem
(Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2022) Krüger, Max; Gerbracht, Marc; Vitt, Nico; Kudic, Muhamed; Ahmadi, Michael; Boden, Alexander; Offergeld, Felicitas; Stein, Martin; Kotthaus, Christoph; Unbehaun, David; Wulf, Volker
Regions and their innovation ecosystems have increasingly become of interest to CSCW research as the context in which work, research and design takes place. Our study adds to this growing discourse, by providing preliminary data and reflections from an ongoing attempt to intervene and support a regional innovation ecosystem. We report on the benefits and shortcomings of a practice-oriented approach in such regional projects and highlight the importance of relations and the notion of spillover. Lastly, we discuss methodological and pragmatic hurdles that CSCW research needs to overcome in order to support regional innovation ecosystems successfully.

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