C&T

https://dl.eusset.eu/handle/20.500.12015/1982

C&T focuses on the notion of communities as social entities comprised of people who share something in common; this common element may be geography, needs, goals, interests, practices, organizations, enemies, or other bases for social connection. Communities are considered to be a basic unit of social experience.

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Conference Paper
1st Workshop on Exploring Disruptive Technologies from the Local Community Perspective
(Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 2023) Musto, Jiri; Heikkinen, Kari; Martin, Nicholas; Auvray, Bertille; Bakhaev, Stepan
The use of disruptive technologies by the private and public sectors is increasing. With the release of new systems, many have wondered how artificial intelligence may change the world for better or worse. For this, European Commission has created instructions on how artificial intelligence and blockchain should and should not be used in the public sector. On the other hand, private companies are free to utilise these technologies. Many challenges and barriers must be overcome to have the public adopt these technologies. This one-day workshop will explore disruptive technologies from a local community perspective. We will use a case of artificial intelligence and blockchain-enabled electronic ID (eID) for the initial framing and exploration of this problem and compare the differences when the software solution is deployed locally, nationally or internationally. These differences and issues can be looked at, for example, through the lens of trust, usability, security, and privacy.
Conference Paper
3D Printing/Digital Fabrication for Education and the Common Good
(Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 2017) Stickel, O.; Aal, K.; Fuchsberger, V.; Rüller, S.; Wenzelmann, V.; Pipek, Volkmar; Wulf, Volker; Tscheligi, Manfred
3D printing has 1 become an area of intense interest in many disciplines ranging from industry through education, humanitarian and innovation contexts to research. At the same time, technologies, materials, usages and appropriation are in constant flux. 3D printing is but one of the many facet of digital fabrication, the digitalization of more sectors, "Industry 4.0" and increasing community-based innovation and (open/commons-oriented) engineering practices. This workshop is intended to illustrate and discuss cases, positions, concepts and experiences related to such developments in digital fabrication, especially in 3D printing. We specifically look for contributions highlighting the role of digital fabrication and 3D printing for the common good and the education sector. This is in line with C&T's socio-technical focus, research suggesting the immense potential in digital fabrication and education as well as growing practices in using digital fabrication/3D printing in humanitarian efforts.
Text Document
A Bayesian Computational Model of Social Capital in Virtual Communities
(Communities and Technologies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Communities and Technologies 2003, 2003) Kei Daniel, B.; Zapata-Rivera, J.-D.; McCalla, G.
The theory of social capital (SC) is frequently discussed in the social sciences and the humanities. There is a plethora of research studies, which seek to define and empirically test the idea of SC in a number of ways. This growing body of research has only supported the significance of (SC) in physical communities. While many attempts have been made to examine different forms of social capital in physical communities, its application to other types of communities remains open to research. Recent interest in computer science and information systems in studying virtual communities (VCs) and the value these communities provide to information exchange and knowledge construction makes examination of SC in these communities relevant. We begin our understanding of SC in VCs by mapping out different variables that constitute SC based on qualitative experts’ knowledge of SC. We then develop an initial computational model of SC, and generate conditional probability tables (CPTs) that can be refined using real world case scenarios developed by experts in virtual communities. The Bayesian model seems to represent the situations mentioned in the paper adequately. This model provides a useful tool for understanding of SC in VCs.
Text Document
A Bosom Buddy afar brings a Distant Land near: are Bloggers a Global Community?
(Communities and Technologies: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communities and Technologies 2005, 2005) Su, Norman Makoto; Wang, Yang; Mark, Gloria; Aieylokun, Tosin; Nakano, Tadashi
Information communication technologies on the Internet such as Usenet, Internet relay chats and multi-user dungeons have been used to enable virtual communities. However, a new form of technology, the weblog, or “blog”, has quickly risen as a means for self-expression and sharing knowledge for people across geographic distance. Though studies have focused on blogs in Western countries, our study targets the global blogging community. Inspired by previous studies that show significant differences in technology practices across cultures, we conducted a survey to investigate the influence of regional culture on a blogging community. We asked the research question of whether bloggers are more influenced by their local cultures with respect to their sense of community, or rather whether a “universal” Internet culture is a stronger influence of community feeling. Our results, based on a multilingual worldwide blogging survey of 1232 participants from four continents show that while smaller differences could be found between Eastern and Western cultures, overall the global blogging community is indeed dominated by an Internet culture that shows no profound differences across cultures. However, one significant exception was found in Japanese bloggers and their concealment of identity.
Text Document
A Noun Phrase Analysis Tool for Mining Online Community Conversations
(Communities and Technologies 2007: Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference, 2007) Haythornthwaite, Caroline; Gruzd, Anatoliy
Online communities are creating a growing legacy of texts. These texts record conversation, knowledge exchange, and variation in topic and orientation as groups grow, mature, and decline
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A Relational Scaffolding Model of Hybrid Communication
(Communities and Technologies 2007: Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference, 2007) Meissner, Jens O.; Tuckermann, Harald
In this empirical paper, we explore the recursive relationship of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and social relations in organizations, guided by two questions: Which typical patterns of relating occur in organizational contexts in hybrid communication? How are organizations as communities of relational practice affected in these contexts? Scholars so far have mainly explored the social dimension of CMC by comparing it to face-to-face interaction, whereas the opposite view of a relational perspective on CMC appears remains underresearched. Building on the concept of conversational scaffolding, we propose a model of relational scaffolding as a guiding frame for observation. The empirical findings stem from problem-centered interviews in four organizations to depict the participants' narratives of their daily CMC experiences at the workplace. We present our results as patterns and understandings regarding hybrid communication in organizations. Thus, our study explores specific organizational practices in which the recursive interrelation between CMC and relationships is considered. By means of the ‘relational scaffolding model of CMC’, this research contributes to our understanding of community processes that emerge in hybrid communication settings. We conclude by critically reflecting our methodology and pointing towards directions of future research.
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A Socio-Technical Approach for Topic Community Member Selection
(Communities and Technologies 2007: Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference, 2007) de Moor, Aldo; Anjewierden, Anjo
There is a multitude of very complex and interconnected political, socio-economic and environmental issues facing our globalizing society. To address these, topic communities of experts and stakeholders collaborating closely for a longer period of time are essential. These topic communities often need to be created ad hoc and urgently, however, while demanding a unique mix of experience and expertise of their members. Thus, the formation of such communities is far from trivial. Existing scientific and political structures do not suffice to provide the right experts and stakeholders in time. We present a socio-technical approach for topic community member selection, analyzing large corpora of blog posts to identify combinations of topics and bloggers relevant to the goals of the topic community. The technical basis for the approach is the tOKo tool for text analysis. The social aspect consists of a sequence of steps of human interpretation of the blog analysis results that tOKo produces. This socio-technical approach forms a ''pragmatic funnel'', producing a set of candidate topic community members likely to be relevant. We illustrate our approach with a realistic case.
Text Document
A stake in the issue of homelessness: identifying values of interest for design in online communities
(Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies - C&T '13, 2013) Koepfler, Jes A.; Shilton, Katie; Fleischmann, Kenneth R.
Social media has the potential to impact how traditionally marginalized and geographically disparate communities, such as the homeless, connect with each other and social services online. However, little is known about how best to support these interactions through designing new information and communication technologies or by enhancing existing ones. Considering the values of stakeholders in an online community before embarking on design is one increasingly utilized step in designing for, by, and with traditionally disenfranchised communities. Current values-based design methods emphasize face-to-face interactions, but online interactions also provide spaces to elicit and consider values. This paper synthesizes the results of three studies into a suite of methods for eliciting shared values and conflicting values in online communities. This paper also contributes a survey-based tool containing value portraits as a first step towards implementing these methods. These methods for identifying values of interest to design contribute to a growing body of tools that support values researchers and designers in explicating values prior to, during, and in the evaluation of the design of ICTs.
Text Document
A study of Online Discussions in an Open-Source Software Community: Reconstructing Thematic Coherence and Argumentation from Quotation Practices
(Communities and Technologies: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communities and Technologies 2005, 2005) Barcellini, Flore; Détienne, Françoise; Burkhardt, Jean-Marie; Sack, Warren
This paper presents an analysis of online discussions in Open Source Software (OSS) design. The objective of our work is twofold. First, our research aims to understand and model the dynamics of OSS design that take place in mailing list exchanges. Second, our more long term objective is to develop tools to assist OSS developers to extract and reconstruct design relevant information from previous discussions. We show how quotation practices can be used to locate design relevant data in discussion archives. OSS developers use quotation as a mechanism to maintain the discursive context. To retrace thematic coherence in the online discussions of a major OSS project, Python, we follow how messages are linked through quotation practices. We compare our quotation-based analysis with a more conventional, threadbased analysis of the (reply-to) links between messages. The advantages of a quotationbased analysis over a thread-based analysis are outlined. Our approach provides a means to analyze argumentation and design rationales and promises a novel means to discover design relevant information in the archives of online discussions. Our analysis reveals also the links between the social structure and elements in the discussion space and how it shapes influence in the design process.
Text Document
Acceptance and Utility of a Systematically Designed Virtual Community for Cancer Patients
(Communities and Technologies: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communities and Technologies 2005, 2005) Leimeister, Jan Marco; Krcmar, Helmut
Virtual Communities (VCs) offer ubiquitous access to information and exchange possibilities for people in similar circumstances. This is especially valuable for patients with chronic / life-threatening diseases as they exhibit strong needs for information and interaction. Grounded on the preceding findings of the analysis on the user-centric construction of the VC krebsgemeinschaft.de, this article describes the evaluation of the underlying design elements and success factors by assessing the user’s acceptance and usage of the site. The results obtained empirically substantiated insights into the systematic development and operation of VCs in general and for a subgroup of cancer patients in the German healthcare system in particular.
Conference Paper
Accessibility of Kahoot! And Quizizz: Utilizing Educational Games with Elderly Students
(Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, 2023) Forssell, Mirkka; Hassan, Lobna; Turunen, Markku; Aura, Isabella
Learning is a lifelong process and the ways of learning and teaching have been changing in recent years, reform traditional classroom teaching to interactive, entertaining, and engaging teaching. Recent years have shown the popularity of educational games as a pedagogical method for children and youth in particular. Games are often employed to engage, inspire and motivate learners, as well as to support teachers in delivering various pedagogical content. Learning and teaching methods are in the transition phase. However, only scarce literature exists on the utilization of educational games with older adults and the elderly. Additionally, the understanding of how accessible educational games are for the senior citizens is still limited. Educational games are often utilized in classrooms, next to traditional teaching methods. In such situations, the accessibility of a whole gaming session must be taken into consideration to ensure inclusion. It is thought that there are general barriers to their use of (game) technology such as psychological apprehension of technology, as well as physiological barriers, e.g., visual, hearing and other bodily impairments. Hence, this article examines the utilization of the educational games of Kahoot! and Quizizz, as well as their perceived accessibility with elderly students. Through surveys and observational data gathered from 27 participants in four different sessions, the results point to several issues in terms of accessibility, game tempo, as well as issues related to the classroom space design, such as lighting and size of the board on which the games are projected. However, similar to younger audiences, the elderly appears eager to engage with educational games, especially with appropriate game design and facilities.
Text Document
Active artifacts as bridges between context and community knowledge sources
(Communities and Technologies 2009: Proceedings of the Fourth Communities and Technologies Conference, 2009) Cabitza, Federico; Simone, Carla
The aim of the paper is twofold: i) understanding how to provide additional information that is reflective of current organizational context in knowledge production and use
Text Document
Adding Connectivity and Loosing Context with ICT: Contrasting learning situations from a community of practice perspective
(Communities and Technologies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Communities and Technologies 2003, 2003) Arnold, P.; Smith, J.D.
The promise of information and communication technologies is that it increases connectivity. By providing a spectrum of technologies such as email, web conferencing, telephones, and chat, ICTs bring people who are geographically dispersed together in community. Such communities can provide a new context for learning
Text Document
Advice Networks and Local Diffusion of Technological Innovations
(Communities and Technologies 2007: Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference, 2007) Barahona, Juan Carlos; Pentland, Alex Sandy
Finding the influential people in a community is key to diffusion process of technological innovations, as well as other kinds of products. This information is traditionally obtained through costly ethnographic studies which are not necessarily efficient. We explore the use of sociometric information on the flow of advice as a supplement to socioeconomic and demographic variables to determine the influential members of a community, under conditions where conventional methods may fail. An empirical study of these ideas using data on a community of Costa Rican coffee growers is reported. It turns out that the flow of advice captured by a generalized measure of eigenvector centrality, controlling for age and innovativeness using a logistic regression method, produced a good predictor of the influential members of the community. In terms of the positive predicting value our results suggest that we can double the precision (for this particular data set we got 91.66% vs. 45% obtained by the conventional methods).
Text Document
Agorà 2.0: designing hybrid communities
(Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies - C&T '13, 2013) Pucci, Emilia Louisa; Mulder, Ingrid
The current work envisions Agorà 2.0 as a conceptual framework for designing hybrid communities inspired by the values of the ancient Greek agorà as well as those of Web 2.0. We report a research-through-design study of a digital social network extended with a wearable ubiquitous device aiming at augmenting social bonding in contemporary cities. Various research and design iterations as well as the resulting prototypes are described and reflected upon. The elaborated Agorà 2.0 paradigm seems to be helpful for incorporating citizens in future (co-)design of cohesive environments.
Text Document
Agora2.0: enhancing civic participation through a public display
(Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies - C&T '13, 2013) Schiavo, Gianluca; Milano, Marco; Saldivar, Jorge; Nasir, Tooba; Zancanaro, Massimo; Convertino, Gregorio
Providing a common place for the civil society to gather and discuss topics of mutual interest is a growing challenge for social and collaborative computing. Web-based tools for civic engagement, while promising, are still disconnected from meaningful physical locations where citizens usually meet and might limit the involvement of a considerable portion of the citizen population. We propose a system, Agora2.0, designed to recover the useful function that public places have had in the past in promoting and regulating citizens' participation in public decisions. Agora2.0 is inspired by the old concept of the Greek agora, or public square. It is composed of an onsite interactive public display and an online site. We present the project, the analysis of the requirements, the system prototype, and its evaluation during deployments in a university and in a public relations office of a European city.
Conference Paper
Agribuddy: Infrastructuring for Smallholder Farming in Cambodia
(C&T '21: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Communities & Technologies - Wicked Problems in the Age of Tech, 2021) Ahsan, Hasib; Christensen, Lars Rune; Kitaura, Kengo
Conference Paper
Air Partners: community-driven air quality monitoring, mitigation, and collaborative governance.
(C&T '21: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Communities & Technologies - Wicked Problems in the Age of Tech, 2021) Hersey, Scott; Gordon, Eric
Conference Paper
Al Osool: Understanding information behavior for community development at Za’atari Syrian refugee camp
(Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Communities & Technologies - Transforming Communities, 2019) Fisher, Karen E.; Yafi, Eiad; Maitland, Carleen; Xu, Ying
Text Document
An analysis of the social structure of remix culture
(Communities and Technologies 2009: Proceedings of the Fourth Communities and Technologies Conference, 2009) Cheliotis, Giorgos; Yew, Jude
We present findings from our study of a music sharing and remixing community in an effort to quantify and understand the structural characteristics of commons-based peer production for products of aesthetic/cultural or entertainment value. We also provide a normative perspective on the strategies that such communities should employ with respect to the use of 'remixing contests', which are popular means of attracting new user-creators to the community and boosting its creative output. Until now research has shied away from the quantitative study of what lies at the heart of this 'remix culture', i.e. remixing, presumably because of the difficulties inherent in attaining relevant large datasets amenable to numerical analysis and an early focus of research efforts on communities whose products serve a more functional purpose (e.g., open source software), rather than aiming at entertainment or personal and artistic expression. This paper contributes to the literature of social network analysis of online communities, the literature on commons-based peer production, and the research agenda of cultural analytics.

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