Browsing by Author "Lee, Charlotte P."
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- Journal ArticleBoundary Negotiating Artifacts: Unbinding the Routine of Boundary Objects and Embracing Chaos in Collaborative Work(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 16, No. 3, 39234) Lee, Charlotte P.Empirical studies of material artifacts in practice continue to be a rich source of theoretical concepts for CSCW. This paper explores the foundational concept of boundary objects and questions the conception that all objects that move between communities of practice are boundary objects. This research presents the results of a year-long ethnographic study of collaborative work, specifically the multidisciplinary collaborative design of a museum exhibition. I suggest that artifacts can serve to establish and destabilize protocols themselves and that artifacts can be used to push boundaries rather than merely sailing across them. Artifacts used for collaboration do not necessarily exist within a web of standardized processes and disorderly processes should not be treated as “special cases”.
- Journal ArticleCoordinative Entities: Forms of Organizing in Data Intensive Science(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 29, No. 3, 43983) Paine, Drew; Lee, Charlotte P.Scientific collaboration is a long-standing subject of CSCW scholarship that typically focuses on the development and use of computing systems to facilitate research. The research presented in this article investigates the sociality of science by identifying and describing particular, common forms of organizing that researchers in four different scientific realms employ to conduct work in both local contexts and as part of distributed, global projects. This paper introduces five prototypical forms of organizing we categorize as coordinative entities: the Principal Group, Intermittent Exchange, Sustained Aggregation, Federation, and Facility Organization. Coordinative entities as a categorization help specify, articulate, compare, and trace overlapping and evolving arrangements scientists use to facilitate data intensive research. We use this typology to unpack complexities of data intensive scientific collaboration in four cases, showing how scientists invoke different coordinative entities across three types of research activities: data collection, processing, and analysis. Our contribution scrutinizes the sociality of scientific work to illustrate how these actors engage in relational work within and among diverse, dispersed forms of organizing across project, funding, and disciplinary boundaries.
- Journal ArticleDeliberate Individual Change Framework for Understanding Programming Practices in four Oceanography Groups(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 26, No. 0, 2017) Kuksenok, Kateryna; Aragon, Cecilia; Fogarty, James; Lee, Charlotte P.; Neff, GinaComputing affects how scientific knowledge is constructed, verified, and validated. Rapid changes in hardware capability, and software flexibility, are coupled with a volatile tool and skill set, particularly in the interdisciplinary scientific contexts of oceanography. Existing research considers the role of scientists as both users and producers of code. We focus on how an intentional, individually-initiated but socially-situated, process of uptake influences code written by scientists. We present an 18-month interview and observation study of four oceanography teams, with a focus on ethnographic shadowing of individuals undertaking code work. Through qualitative analysis, we developed a framework of deliberate individual change, which builds upon prior work on programming practices in science through the lens of sociotechnical infrastructures. We use qualitative vignettes to illustrate how our theoretical framework helps to understand changing programming practices. Our findings suggest that scientists use and produce software in a way that deliberately mitigates the potential pitfalls of their programming practice. In particular, the object and method of visualization is subject to restraint intended to prevent accidental misuse.
- Conference PaperDeliberate Individual Change Framework for Understanding Programming Practices in four Oceanography Groups(Computer Supported Cooperative Work 26(4-5)- ECSCW 2017: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2017) Kuksenok, Kateryna; Aragon, Cecilia; Fogarty, James; Lee, Charlotte P.; Neff, GinaComputing affects how scientific knowledge is constructed, verified, and validated. Rapid changes in hardware capability, and software flexibility, are coupled with a volatile tool and skill set, particularly in the interdisciplinary scientific contexts of oceanography. Existing research considers the role of scientists as both users and producers of code. We focus on how an intentional, individually-initiated but socially-situated, process of uptake influences code written by scientists. We present an 18-month interview and observation study of four oceanography teams, with a focus on ethnographic shadowing of individuals undertaking code work. Through qualitative analysis, we developed a framework of deliberate individual change, which builds upon prior work on programming practices in science through the lens of sociotechnical infrastructures. We use qualitative vignettes to illustrate how our theoretical framework helps to understand changing programming practices. Our findings suggest that scientists use and produce software in a way that deliberately mitigates the potential pitfalls of their programming practice. In particular, the object and method of visualization is subject to restraint intended to prevent accidental misuse.
- Journal ArticleIntroduction to ECSCW 2017(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 26, No. 0, 2017) Lee, Charlotte P.; Ciolfi, Luigina; Randall, David
- Journal ArticleSociotechnical Studies of Cyberinfrastructure and e-Research: Current Themes and Future Trajectories(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 19, No. 3-4, 2010) Ribes, David; Lee, Charlotte P.
- Journal ArticleSupporting Scientific Collaboration: Methods, Tools and Concepts(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 22, 2013) Jirotka, Marina; Lee, Charlotte P.; Olson, Gary M.This paper discusses the interrelationship between e-Science and CSCW in terms of key substantive, methodological and conceptual innovations made in both fields. In so doing, we hope to draw out the existing relationship between CSCW and e-Science research, and to map out some key future challenges where the two areas of research may become more closely aligned. In considering what may be required to draw the two more closely together, the paper focuses primarily on investigations that have been undertaken in two dedicated initiatives into e-Science, along with the key issues emerging from these studies.
- Journal ArticleSynergizing in Cyberinfrastructure Development(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 19, No. 3-4, 40391) Bietz, Matthew J.; Baumer, Eric P. S.; Lee, Charlotte P.This paper investigates the work of creating infrastructure, using as a case study the development of cyberinfrastructure for metagenomics research. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the role of embeddedness in infrastructure development. We expand on the notion of human infrastructure to develop the concepts of synergizing , leveraging, and aligning, which denote the active processes of creating and managing relationships among people, organizations, and technologies in the creation of cyberinfrastructure. This conceptual lens highlights how embeddedness is not only an important result of infrastructure development, but is also a precursor that can act as both a constraint and a resource for development activities.
- Conference PaperUnderstanding data and cooperation in a public sector arena.(Proceedings of 18th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2020) Seidelin, Cathrine; Lee, Charlotte P.; Dittrich, YvonneThis note explores how data work takes place in a public sector arena. We report on findings from a 3-year research project with a Danish organisation, which, amongst other things, aimed to improve current data practices in the organisation. We make use of the notion of ‘social arenas’ as a lens to understand the complex setting the organisation is situated in. We find that data work in this context takes place among multiple stakeholders and requires cooperation across organisational boundaries. Moreover, changes in data practices in one site changes cooperation among multiple stakeholders in the arena. Additionally, we develop a diagram of this complex setting, which constitutes an analytical tool that supports our understanding of the site (or sites) of intervention where data work is examined. Our study contributes to the field of CSCW by proposing and showing how the notion of sub-arena helps to comprehend the cooperation and interaction within the surprisingly complex public sector and locate the (sub-)arenas and stakeholders affected by a change in how data is provided and used.
- Journal ArticleWhat Counts as Software Process? Negotiating the Boundary of Software Work Through Artifacts and Conversation(Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Vol. 18, 40103) Cohn, Marisa Leavitt; Sim, Susan Elliott; Lee, Charlotte P.In software development, there is an interplay between Software Process models and Software Process enactments. The former tends to be abstract descriptions or plans. The latter tends to be specific instantiations of some ideal procedure. In this paper, we examine the role of work artifacts and conversations in negotiating between prescriptions from a model and the contingencies that arise in an enactment. A qualitative field study at two Agile software development companies was conducted to investigate the role of artifacts in the software development work and the relationship between these artifacts and the Software Process. Documentation of software requirements is a major concern among software developers and software researchers. Agile software development denotes a different relationship to documentation, one that warrants investigation. Empirical findings are presented which suggest a new understanding of the relationship between artifacts and Software Process. The paper argues that Software Process is a generative system, which participants called “The Conversation,” that emerges out of the interplay between Software Process models and Software Process enactments.
- Conference PaperWork Practices in Coordinating Center Enabled Networks (CCENs)(Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work, 2014) Rolland, Betsy; Paine, Drew; Lee, Charlotte P.Coordinating Centers (CCs) are central bodies tasked with the work of coordination and operations management of a virtual organization whose purpose is to conduct multi-site research projects. We call these organizations Coordinating Center Enabled Networks (CCENs). This qualitative, interview-based study followed two CCs in the field of cancer epidemiology over seven months to answer the question: How does a CC facilitate the work of networked science in a CCEN? In order to answer the question of how CCs facilitate work, we first describe the complex ecology of CCEN work practices. We further discuss how various stakeholders engage in different work practices to facilitate scientific progress. Finally, we use the conceptual lenses of local articulation work and metawork together with the diversity of work practices to better understand what practices CCs actually coordinate.